中华人民共和国宪法英译本(4)
发布时间：2007/11/2 浏览次数：5562
各民族都有使用和发展自己的语言文字的自由，都有保持或者改革自己的风俗习惯的自由。 All nationalities have the freedom to use and develop their own spoken and written languages and to preserve or reform their own folkways and customs.
第五条 国家维护社会主义法制的统一和尊严。 Article 5 The state upholds the uniformity and dignity of the socialist legal system.
一切法律、行政法规和地方性法规都不得同宪法相抵触。 No laws or administrative or local rules and regulations may contravene the Constitution.
一切国家机关和武装力量、各政党和各社会团体、各企业事业组织都必须遵守宪法和法律。一切违反宪法和法律的行为，必须予以追究。 All state organs, the armed forces, all political parties and public organizations and all enterprises and institutions must abide by the Constitution and the law. All acts in violation of the Constitution or the law must be investigated.
任何组织或者个人都不得有超越宪法和法律的特权。 No organization or individual is privileged to be beyond the Constitution or the law.
第六条 中华人民共和国的社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制，即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。 Article 6 The basis of the socialist economic system of the People"s Republic of China is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people.
社会主义公有制消灭人剥削人的制度，实行各尽所能，按劳分配的原则。 The system of socialist public ownership supersedes the system of exploitation of man by man; it applies the principle of "from each according to his ability, to each according to his work."
第七条 国营经济是社会主义全民所有制经济，是国民经济中的主导力量。国家保障国营经济的巩固和发展。 Article 7 The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people; it is the leading force in the national economy. The state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy.
第八条 农村人民公社、农业生产合作社和其他生产、供销、信用、消费等各种形式的合作经济，是社会主义劳动群众集体所有制经济。 Article 8 Rural people"s communes, agricultural producers cooperatives and other forms of cooperatives economy, such as producers", supply and marketing, credit and consumers cooperatives, belong to the sector of socialist economy under collective ownership by the working people.
参加农村集体经济组织的劳动者，有权在法律规定的范围内经营自留地、自留山、家庭副业和饲养自留畜。 Working people who are members of rural economic collective have the right, within the limits prescribed by law, to farm plots of cropland and hilly land allotted for their private use, engage in household sideline production and raise privately owned livestock.
城镇中的手工业、工业、建筑业、运输业、商业、服务业等行业的各种形式的合作经济，都是社会主义劳动群众集体所有制经济。 The various forms of cooperative economy in the cities and towns, such as those in the handicraft, industrial, building, transport, commercial and service trades, all belong to the sector of socialist economy under collective ownership by the working people.
国家保护城乡集体经济组织的合法的权利和利益，鼓励、指导和帮助集体经济的发展。 The state protects the lawful rights and interests of the urban and rural economic collective and encourages, guides and helps the growth of the collective economy.
第九条 矿藏、水流、森林、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂等自然资源，都属于国家所有，即全民所有；由法律规定属于集体所有的森林和山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂除外。 Article 9 All mineral resources, waters, forests, mountains, grassland, unreclaimed land, beaches and other natural resources are owned by the state, that is, by the whole people, with the exception of the forests, mountains, grasslands, unreclaimed land and beaches that are owned by collective in accordance with the law.
国家保障自然资源的合理利用，保护珍贵的动物和植物。禁止任何组织或者个人用任何手段侵占或者破坏自然资源。 The state ensures the rational use of natural resources and protects rare animals and plants. Appropriation or damaging of natural resources by any organization or individual by whatever means is prohibited.
第十条 城市的土地属于国家所有。 Article 10 Land in the cities is owned by the state.
农村和城市郊区的土地，除由法律规定属于国家所有的以外，属于集体所有；宅基地和自留地、自留山，也属于集体所有。 Land in the rural and suburban areas is owned by collectives except for those portions which belong to the state in accordance with the law; house sites and privately farmed plots of cropland and hilly land are also owned by collectives.
国家为了公共利益的需要，可以依照法律规定对土地实行征用。 The state may, in the public interest, requisition land for its use in accordance with the law.
任何组织或者个人不得侵占、买卖、出租或者以其他形式非法转让土地。 No organization or individual may appropriate, buy, sell or lease land or otherwise engage in the transfer of land by unlawful means.
